A value proposition is a clear statement of the benefits a product delivers to a specific customer and why that offer beats…
A variable in programming is a named reference to a value stored in memory, defined by its name, type, scope and lifetime…
Variance in statistics measures how far values spread around their mean, calculated as the average squared deviation and expressed in squared units.
VAT (value added tax) is a consumption tax charged at each stage of supply; in cross-border e-commerce it usually follows the buyer's…
A vCPU is a virtual processor presented to a virtual machine by a hypervisor and scheduled onto physical cores or hardware threads…
A vector database stores high-dimensional embedding vectors and finds the most similar ones quickly using approximate nearest neighbor indexes.
Vector graphics describe images as mathematical paths and shapes rather than pixels, so they scale to any size without losing sharpness in…
Vector similarity measures how close two embedding vectors are, using cosine similarity, dot product or Euclidean distance, to find related items.
A vectorscope is a color grading and video monitoring scope that plots hue as angle and saturation as distance from the center…
Vendor lock-in is dependence on one supplier's software or platform that makes switching costly because of proprietary formats, interfaces or contracts.
Vergence-accommodation conflict is the mismatch in XR headsets between where the eyes converge and where they focus, causing eye strain and blurred…
A verifiable credential is a digitally signed set of claims about a subject that a holder stores and presents, and any verifier…
Version history in a design workflow is the record of saved states of a design file, letting teams compare, restore and trace…
A video doorbell is a connected doorbell with a camera, microphone and speaker that alerts your phone and lets you see and…
A video game is interactive software in which a player controls events on a screen through input devices, guided by rules, goals…
A video switcher selects and combines live camera and media sources into one program output with cuts, transitions, keys and graphics in…
The viewport meta tag is an HTML head element that tells mobile browsers how wide to lay out a page and how…
Virtio is the open paravirtualized device standard that lets Linux virtual machines use fast network, disk and other devices through shared memory…
A virtual host is a web server configuration that serves several websites from one server, selecting each site by domain name, IP…
A virtual machine is a software-defined computer that runs its own operating system on hardware shared through a hypervisor, the core unit…
A virtual showroom is a navigable 3D space where buyers inspect products at true scale in VR, AR or a browser instead…
Virtual training uses VR, AR or mixed reality simulations so people can practice work tasks, procedures and emergencies safely before doing them…
A vision-language-action model is a robot policy that maps camera images and a natural-language instruction directly to motor actions in embodied AI.
A vision transformer is a computer vision model that splits an image into patches and processes them as tokens with self-attention instead…
visionOS is the operating system of Apple Vision Pro, built for spatial apps that use windows, volumes and immersive spaces with eye…
Visual balance in photography composition is the perceived equilibrium of visual weight across a frame, achieved symmetrically or asymmetrically.
Visual hierarchy is the ordering of design elements by visual weight so that viewers notice, read and act on information in the…
Visual identity in brand design is the coordinated system of logo, color, typography and imagery that makes a brand recognizable across every…
Visual odometry is a robot perception method that estimates how a camera moves through space by tracking changes between consecutive camera images.
A visual regression is an unintended change in how a web page looks after a code update, detected by comparing new screenshots…
A VLAN, or virtual local area network, splits one physical switched network into separate layer 2 broadcast domains identified by VLAN IDs.
A VM snapshot preserves the disk state, and optionally the memory, of a virtual machine at one moment so the machine can…
VMAF is a full-reference video quality metric that fuses several image features with machine learning to predict perceived quality on a 0-100…
vmstat is a Linux monitoring command that reports virtual memory, processes, swapping, block I/O, interrupts and CPU activity at fixed intervals.
A voice assistant is software that understands spoken requests, answers questions and controls smart home devices through speakers, phones and displays.
Voice cloning uses speech synthesis models to reproduce a specific person's voice from recorded samples, generating new speech that sounds like them.
A voiceover is recorded speech by an off-screen speaker that narrates or explains content, used in podcasts, video, advertising, e-learning and audiobooks.
VoLTE, or Voice over LTE, carries mobile phone calls as IP packets over a 4G network using IMS, giving HD voice and…
VoNR, or Voice over New Radio, carries phone calls as IMS voice over a 5G standalone network, so the call stays on…
VP9 is a royalty-free video codec from Google that compresses video more efficiently than H.264 and is widely used for web streaming…
A VPC, or virtual private cloud, is a logically isolated network in a public cloud where you control IP ranges, subnets, routing…
VPC flow logs record metadata about IP traffic in a cloud virtual network, such as addresses, ports, bytes and accept or reject…
A VPN is an encrypted tunnel that carries private network traffic across an untrusted network, such as the internet, between authenticated endpoints.
A VPS, or virtual private server, is a virtual machine on shared physical hardware that gives its user an isolated operating system…
VR, or virtual reality, is an immersive technology that replaces the user's view of the physical world with a computer-generated, head-tracked environment.
A VR headset is a head-mounted display that shows stereoscopic images and tracks head motion to place the user inside a fully…
VR motion sickness is the nausea and discomfort some users feel in virtual reality when what the eyes see conflicts with what…
VRAM is the dedicated high-bandwidth memory of a graphics card that holds textures, frame buffers and model data for fast access by…
Vulnerability scanning is the automated inspection of systems and applications for known weaknesses, misconfigurations and missing security patches.